ISO 14064 is the international standard for greenhouse gas quantification, monitoring, reporting, and verification, published by the International Organization for Standardization in three parts: ISO 14064-1:2018 (organisation-level GHG inventories), ISO 14064-2:2019 (project-level reductions), and ISO 14064-3:2019 (validation and verification methodology). The standard is GHG-programme neutral — it can be applied alongside CDP, CDM, Verra, TGO, ICAO CORSIA, or any other recognised programme. For Thai SET-listed corporates with capital-markets exposure, ISO 14064-1 plus ISO 14064-3 is the practical configuration for getting credible verified emissions data into 56-1 One Report and IFRS S2 disclosure.

Lead Auditor is the CQI/IRCA grade that authorises an individual to plan, lead, and sign off an ISO 14064-3 verification engagement. The Auditor grade (one step lower) participates under leadership but does not sign; the Principal Auditor grade (one step higher) typically anchors complex multi-site or industry-specific engagements. Lead Auditor is the operational grade for standard organisation-level verification engagements — the grade that maps to “the auditor whose name is on the verification statement.” Panit holds Lead Auditor, certified by CQI/IRCA in June 2024.

Direction. Verification looks backward at historical GHG data — confirming a completed reporting period’s emissions are materially correct against ISO 14064-1 or -2 criteria. Validation looks forward at projections, baselines, or plans — confirming a SBTi target, a project baseline, or a reduction projection is reasonable and supportable. The two engagements have different scope, different evidence, different materiality treatment, and different statement language. ISO 14064-3 covers both, and the distinction is set at engagement letter. A company asking for “verification” of next year’s target is asking for validation.

Limited assurance reduces engagement risk to an acceptable level but yields a negative-form conclusion — “nothing has come to our attention to indicate the subject matter is materially misstated.” Lower evidence threshold, looser materiality, lower cost. Reasonable assurance reduces engagement risk to a low level and yields a positive-form conclusion — “the subject matter is fairly stated, in all material respects.” Higher evidence threshold, materiality typically 5% of reported total, deeper testing. IFRS S2 Phase 2 is moving toward reasonable assurance on key metrics — including the Thai SEC implementation pathway. For SET-listed disclosure, reasonable assurance is increasingly the expectation rather than the option.

Materiality is the quantitative threshold above which a misstatement is considered to affect the conclusion. For reasonable assurance on a corporate GHG inventory, materiality of 5% of the total reported emissions is industry convention — meaning aggregated unidentified or unresolved errors must remain below 5% for the verifier to issue an unqualified positive-form conclusion. The 5% is not prescribed by the standard; ISO 14064-3 requires materiality to be set and disclosed but leaves the level to the verifier’s judgment. Qualitative materiality can tighten the threshold — regulatory exposure, listed-company disclosure obligations, or capital-markets timing may justify 3% or even 1%. Othello documents materiality at the engagement letter, not after the work begins.

Complementary, not competing. กระบวนการรับรองนิติกรณ์เอกสารของ GHG Protocol is the most widely used methodology framework for calculating corporate emissions — it provides detailed Scope 3 guidance (15 categories), specific calculation rules, and is the basis for CDP, SBTi, and most voluntary reporting. ISO 14064-1 is the auditable standard for the resulting GHG report — written so that an independent third party can formally verify whether the emissions report follows its requirements. In practice, most EU and Thai companies use GHG Protocol to calculate emissions and ISO 14064-1 to formally verify and report them. Othello’s bench works fluently in both — GHG Protocol on the calculation side, ISO 14064-1 + -3 on the verification side.

By searching the CQI/IRCA Auditor Register at quality.org. CQI/IRCA-certified Lead Auditors are listed by name with their grade (Auditor / Lead Auditor / Principal Auditor) and scheme (ISO 14064, ISO 9001, ISO 14001, etc.). The listing is the verification, no email to Othello required. The register is the same body that certifies management-system auditors globally and is widely recognised by procurement at SET-listed corporates, EU institutional buyers, and US Government contractors. Othello will provide the certificate copy and credential number under mutual NDA on request — but the public register should be checked first.

The Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (TGO) is the Thai national GHG authority, and it recognises ISO 14064-3 verification as one of the accepted frameworks for verifying carbon footprint claims submitted to its Carbon Footprint Organization (CFO) and Carbon Footprint Product (CFP) programmes. Panit holds TGO CFO+CFP Auditor accreditation alongside the ISO 14064 Lead Auditor credential — meaning Othello can both submit Thai-specific CFO/CFP claims to TGO and verify the underlying inventory against ISO 14064-3 in one engagement. For SET-listed corporates with both TGO submissions and CDP / IFRS S2 disclosure, the pairing is operationally efficient. See all 20 credentials for the broader stack.

It can stand alone — but the audience determines whether it should. For internal use, voluntary CDP disclosure, or many TGO programmes, ISO 14064-3 alone is sufficient. For audit-firm-facing engagements, ISAE 3410 should be paired — the IAASB’s GHG-specific assurance standard that audit firms recognise as the IFAC-anchored framework. For sustainability-report assurance reading by ESG investors, AA1000AS v3 should be paired — the principles-based overlay that addresses stakeholder engagement and materiality processes. For IFRS S2 disclosure with capital-markets exposure, the practical stack is ISO 14064-3 + ISAE 3410 + AA1000AS. Panit’s credentials cover all three.

ISO 14064 Lead Auditor is the second anchor of Othello’s seven-credential ESG-assurance cluster, alongside AA1000AS ACSAP, TGO CFO+CFP Auditor, VERRA Lead Assessor, CORSIA Verifier, ICVCM CCP, and ISCC PLUS — all held by Panit Chancharoonpong. Together they cover the substantive backing for every climate, carbon, and sustainability-assurance engagement Othello delivers. Founded 2020 on US Government bilingual contracts under FAR-grade contractor verification, the firm’s procurement-grade audit-trail standard applies to ISO 14064 engagements the same way it applies to ATA-certified translation or 56-1 One Report disclosure. One engagement letter, one NDA from first email, one audit-trail Bangkok-side, twenty credentials behind it. Email [email protected] or call +66 02-859-2145.