{"id":31258,"date":"2026-05-30T06:43:10","date_gmt":"2026-05-30T06:43:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.othellointernational.com\/?page_id=31258"},"modified":"2026-07-09T16:33:57","modified_gmt":"2026-07-09T16:33:57","slug":"ifrs-s1-s2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.othellointernational.com\/th\/ifrs-s1-s2\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n<!-- ===================================================================\n     OTHELLO INTERNATIONAL \u2014 IFRS S1\/S2 \u00b7 v12 INTERACTIVE\n     URL: \/certifications\/ifrs-s1-s2\/\n     ISSB-issued sustainability disclosure standards \u00b7 mandatory Thai SEC 2026\n     Anchor: Kittichai Orapruek \u00b7 FTSE 2026 Transition Anchor \/ IFRS bench lead\n     Honest positioning: jurisdictional adoption is the key fact, ISSB is the issuer\n   =================================================================== -->\n\n<style>\n\n@import 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!important;transform:none !important}\n}\n\/* ============ THE ATA CREDENTIAL MODEL ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .pm-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k1);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.oth-ifrs .pm-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:-100px;left:50%;width:1200px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse,rgba(237,64,54,.06),transparent 70%);transform:translateX(-50%);pointer-events:none}\n.oth-ifrs .pm-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n.oth-ifrs .pm-card{background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--k2) 0%,var(--k3) 100%);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:36px 32px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .5s var(--ease);display:flex;flex-direction:column}\n.oth-ifrs .pm-card::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:4px;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--gold) 100%);transition:width .35s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs 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(max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .pm-card{padding:28px 24px}}\n\/* ============ \u00a702 \u2014 BENCH PRACTITIONER CREDENTIALS ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .bp-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:20%;right:-15%;width:600px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(237,64,54,.06),transparent 70%);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-domain{margin-bottom:48px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-domain:last-child{margin-bottom:0}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-domain-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:18px;flex-wrap:wrap;padding-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:20px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-dh-l{display:flex;align-items:baseline;gap:14px}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-dnum{font-family:var(--m);font-size:11px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.10em;color:var(--r);background:rgba(237,64,54,.10);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.30);border-radius:3px;padding:5px 11px;white-space:nowrap}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-dh-l h3{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(22px,2.6vw,30px);font-weight:600;color:var(--w);letter-spacing:-.01em;line-height:1.15;margin:0}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-dh-l h3 em{color:var(--r);font-style:italic;font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-anchor{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.10em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--w3);text-align:right}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-anchor b{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:12px}\n.oth-ifrs .bp-grid.c3{grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr)}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc{background:var(--k2);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--r);padding:18px 20px 16px;transition:all .3s var(--ease);display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr;gap:14px;align-items:start}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc:hover{background:var(--k3);border-left-width:5px;transform:translateX(4px);box-shadow:0 8px 20px rgba(0,0,0,.3)}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-tag{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.10em;color:var(--r);background:rgba(237,64,54,.10);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.25);border-radius:2px;padding:5px 9px;line-height:1;white-space:nowrap;align-self:start;text-transform:uppercase;margin-top:3px}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-body{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--w1)}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-name{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:15.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);display:block;margin-bottom:4px;letter-spacing:-.005em}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-issuer{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10.5px;color:var(--w3);letter-spacing:.04em;margin-bottom:5px;font-weight:500}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-issuer b{color:var(--r);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-body p{font-size:12px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--w2);margin:0}\n.oth-ifrs .bpc-body p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n@media (max-width:900px){.oth-ifrs .bp-grid,.oth-ifrs .bp-grid.c3{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n\/* ============ COVERAGE (32 PAIRS) ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .cov-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k1);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:-100px;left:50%;width:1200px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse,rgba(237,64,54,.06),transparent 70%);transform:translateX(-50%);pointer-events:none}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:18px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-col{background:var(--k2);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:32px 30px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .4s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-col::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:4px;height:100%;background:var(--r);transition:width .35s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-col:hover::before{width:6px}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-col:hover{background:var(--k3);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.3)}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-head{display:flex;align-items:baseline;justify-content:space-between;gap:12px;padding-bottom:16px;margin-bottom:18px;border-bottom:1px solid var(--line)}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-dir{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);letter-spacing:-.01em}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-dir span{color:var(--r);font-style:normal;margin:0 4px}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-count{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--w3);font-weight:600;white-space:nowrap}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-list{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0;columns:2;column-gap:24px}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-list li{font-family:var(--s);font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--w1);padding:7px 0 7px 22px;position:relative;break-inside:avoid;border-bottom:1px dotted var(--line)}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-list li::before{content:\"\u2713\";position:absolute;left:0;top:7px;color:var(--r);font-size:12px;font-weight:700}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-foot{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w3);letter-spacing:.02em;margin:24px 0 0;padding:16px 20px;background:var(--k);border:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;z-index:2}\n.oth-ifrs .cov-foot b{color:var(--r);font-weight:700}\n@media (max-width:900px){.oth-ifrs .cov-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}}\n@media (max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .cov-list{columns:1}.oth-ifrs .cov-col{padding:26px 22px}}\n\n\/* ============ QUALITY DISCIPLINE \/ WORKFLOW + THAI GAP ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .qd-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-sec.alt{background:var(--k1)}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:30%;right:-15%;width:600px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(237,64,54,.05),transparent 70%);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block{background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(237,64,54,.08) 0%,var(--k3) 100%);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.30);padding:48px 44px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .5s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:6px;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--gold) 100%);transition:width .35s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block:hover::before{width:8px}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block.wf::after{content:\"QA\";position:absolute;top:-30px;right:-15px;font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(100px,13vw,220px);line-height:1;color:var(--r);opacity:.06;font-weight:600;pointer-events:none;letter-spacing:-.03em}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block.thai::after{content:\"TH\";position:absolute;top:-30px;right:-15px;font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(100px,13vw,220px);line-height:1;color:var(--r);opacity:.06;font-weight:600;pointer-events:none;letter-spacing:-.03em}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,.5),0 0 40px rgba(237,64,54,.12);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.5)}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-eye{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:14px;position:relative;z-index:2;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-eye::before{content:\"\u25cf\";color:var(--r);animation:ifrs-pulse 2s ease-in-out infinite}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block h3{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(26px,3.4vw,32px);font-weight:500;color:var(--w);margin:0 0 18px;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.01em;position:relative;z-index:2;max-width:36ch}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block h3 em{color:var(--r);font-style:italic;font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block > p{font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w1);margin:0 0 14px;position:relative;z-index:2;max-width:82ch}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block > p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block > p em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r);font-weight:500}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-block > p a{color:var(--r);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.4)}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-steps{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(2,1fr);gap:10px;margin-top:24px;padding-top:24px;border-top:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.20);position:relative;z-index:2}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step{background:var(--k);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--r);padding:16px 20px;transition:all .3s var(--ease);display:grid;grid-template-columns:64px 1fr;gap:14px;align-items:start}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step:hover{background:var(--k2);transform:translateX(4px);border-left-width:5px}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step .qs-num{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9px;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.10em;padding:5px 8px;background:rgba(237,64,54,.10);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.25);border-radius:2px;text-align:center;line-height:1.2;white-space:nowrap;align-self:start;text-transform:uppercase}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step .qs-body{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--w1)}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step .qs-title{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:14.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);display:block;margin-bottom:4px;letter-spacing:-.005em}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step .qs-body strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .qd-step .qs-body em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r);font-weight:500}\n@media (max-width:1024px){.oth-ifrs .qd-steps{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}}\n@media (max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .qd-block{padding:32px 28px}.oth-ifrs .qd-block h3{font-size:22px}.oth-ifrs .qd-step{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px;padding:14px 16px}}\n\/* ============ ADJACENT SERVICES ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .as-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.oth-ifrs .as-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:30%;right:-15%;width:600px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(237,64,54,.05),transparent 70%);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}\n.oth-ifrs .as-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(3,1fr);gap:18px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card{background:var(--k2);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:32px 30px;text-decoration:none;color:inherit;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .4s var(--ease);display:flex;flex-direction:column}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:4px;height:100%;background:var(--r);transition:width .35s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card:hover::before{width:6px}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold::before{background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--gold) 0%,var(--r) 100%)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold{background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(237,64,54,.06) 0%,var(--k3) 100%);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.30)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold:hover{border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.5);box-shadow:0 20px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4),0 0 30px rgba(237,64,54,.12)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card:not(.gold):hover{background:var(--k3);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.4);transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 20px 50px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold:hover{transform:translateY(-3px)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-icon{width:48px;height:48px;background:rgba(237,64,54,.10);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.30);border-radius:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:18px;transition:all .35s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold .as-icon{background:rgba(237,64,54,.10);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.30)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card:hover .as-icon{transform:scale(1.1) rotate(-5deg);background:rgba(237,64,54,.18);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.5)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold:hover .as-icon{background:rgba(237,64,54,.18);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.5)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-icon svg{width:24px;height:24px;stroke:var(--r);fill:none;stroke-width:1.8;stroke-linecap:round;stroke-linejoin:round}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold .as-icon svg{stroke:var(--gold)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-tag{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.12em;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;text-transform:uppercase}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold .as-tag{color:var(--gold)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card h3{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:22px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);margin:0 0 12px;line-height:1.2;letter-spacing:-.005em}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--w1);margin:0 0 18px;flex:1}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card p em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r);font-weight:500}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold p em{color:var(--gold)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-arrow{font-family:var(--m);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.10em;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:8px;transition:gap .3s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card.gold .as-arrow{color:var(--gold)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-arrow::after{content:\"\u2192\";font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:16px;transition:transform .3s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .as-card:hover .as-arrow::after{transform:translateX(5px)}\n@media (max-width:1024px){.oth-ifrs .as-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:14px}}\n@media (max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .as-card{padding:24px 22px}}\n\n\/* ============ FAQ ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .faq-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k1);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:-100px;left:50%;width:1200px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(ellipse,rgba(237,64,54,.06),transparent 70%);transform:translateX(-50%);pointer-events:none}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-grid{display:grid;gap:14px;max-width:980px;margin:0 auto}\n.oth-ifrs .faq{background:var(--k2);border:1px solid var(--line);transition:all .35s var(--ease);overflow:hidden;position:relative}\n.oth-ifrs .faq[open]{background:var(--k3);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.30);box-shadow:0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}\n.oth-ifrs .faq:hover{border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.20)}\n.oth-ifrs .faq summary{padding:22px 28px;cursor:pointer;list-style:none;display:grid;grid-template-columns:auto 1fr auto;align-items:center;gap:18px;font-family:var(--s);font-size:15.5px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);line-height:1.35;transition:background .25s}\n.oth-ifrs .faq summary::-webkit-details-marker{display:none}\n.oth-ifrs .faq summary:hover{background:var(--k1)}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-num{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10.5px;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:.10em;color:var(--r);padding:5px 10px;background:rgba(237,64,54,.10);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.30);border-radius:2px;white-space:nowrap}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-ic{width:32px;height:32px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--k);border:1px solid var(--line);display:flex;align-items:center;justify-content:center;font-size:18px;font-weight:300;color:var(--r);transition:all .3s var(--ease)}\n.oth-ifrs .faq[open] .faq-ic{transform:rotate(45deg);background:var(--r);color:var(--w);border-color:var(--r)}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-body{padding:0 28px 26px;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-body p{font-size:14px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w1);margin:18px 0 0;max-width:84ch}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-body p:first-child{margin-top:18px}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-body p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-body p em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r);font-weight:500}\n.oth-ifrs .faq-body p a{color:var(--r);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.4)}\n@media (max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .faq summary{padding:18px 20px;gap:12px;font-size:14px}.oth-ifrs .faq-body{padding:0 20px 22px}}\n\n\/* ============ FINAL CTA ============ *\/\n.oth-ifrs .cta-sec{background:radial-gradient(ellipse 1000px 700px at 50% 0%,rgba(237,64,54,.22),transparent 60%),radial-gradient(ellipse 800px 500px at 50% 100%,rgba(237,64,54,.10),transparent 60%),var(--k);padding:130px 0;text-align:center;position:relative;overflow:hidden;border-top:1px solid var(--line)}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;inset:0;background-image:linear-gradient(rgba(255,255,255,.025) 1px,transparent 1px),linear-gradient(90deg,rgba(255,255,255,.025) 1px,transparent 1px);background-size:64px 64px;pointer-events:none;mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse 1200px 700px at 50% 50%,black,transparent 75%);-webkit-mask-image:radial-gradient(ellipse 1200px 700px at 50% 50%,black,transparent 75%)}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-content{position:relative;z-index:2;max-width:920px;margin:0 auto;padding:0 32px}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-content h2{font-size:clamp(34px,5.2vw,64px);line-height:1.04;font-weight:700;letter-spacing:-.03em;color:var(--w);margin:0 auto 24px;max-width:26ch}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-content h2 em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-weight:500;color:var(--r);background:linear-gradient(90deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--r1) 30%,var(--gold) 50%,var(--r1) 70%,var(--r) 100%);background-size:200% 100%;-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent;animation:ifrs-shimmer 6s linear infinite}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-content p{font-size:16.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w1);max-width:74ch;margin:0 auto 44px}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-content p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-content p em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r);font-weight:500}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-buttons{display:flex;gap:14px;justify-content:center;flex-wrap:wrap}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-note{margin-top:36px;font-family:var(--m);font-size:11px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--w2);line-height:1.8}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-note b{color:var(--r);font-weight:700}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-note a{color:inherit;text-decoration:none;transition:color .2s}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-note a:hover{color:var(--w)}\n.oth-ifrs .cta-note .sep{color:var(--r)}\n.oth-ifrs .endline{padding:32px 0;text-align:center;font-family:var(--m);font-size:11px;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--w2);background:var(--k);border-top:1px solid var(--line)}\n.oth-ifrs .endline .r{color:var(--r)}\n@media (max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .cta-sec{padding:72px 0}}\n\n\/* === \u00a701 + \u00a702 consolidated === *\/\n\/* \u00a701 S1+S2 \u2014 foundation+flow, scoped to .oth-ifrs *\/\n    .oth-ifrs .st-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k1);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:20%;right:-15%;width:700px;height:700px;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(237,64,54,.06),transparent 65%);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-frame{position:relative;z-index:2;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1.05fr 1fr;gap:24px;align-items:stretch}\n\n    \/* LEFT: S2 foundation (climate-first because Thai SEC starts here) *\/\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation{background:linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(237,64,54,.10) 0%,var(--k3) 60%);border:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.30);padding:42px 40px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .5s var(--ease);display:flex;flex-direction:column}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation:hover{transform:translateY(-3px);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.5);box-shadow:0 24px 60px rgba(0,0,0,.5),0 0 40px rgba(237,64,54,.10)}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:6px;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--gold) 100%)}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation::after{content:\"S2\";position:absolute;top:-26px;right:-12px;font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-size:clamp(120px,18vw,260px);line-height:1;color:var(--r);opacity:.06;pointer-events:none;letter-spacing:-.04em}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-eyebrow{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10.5px;letter-spacing:.16em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:14px;display:inline-flex;align-items:center;gap:10px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-eyebrow .pulse{width:8px;height:8px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--r);animation:ifrs-pulse 2s ease-in-out infinite}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation h3{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:clamp(28px,3.8vw,42px);font-weight:600;color:var(--w);margin:0 0 6px;line-height:1.05;letter-spacing:-.02em;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation h3 em{color:var(--r);font-style:italic}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation .st-sub{font-family:var(--s);font-size:14px;font-weight:500;color:var(--r1);margin-bottom:22px;letter-spacing:.01em;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation .st-body{font-size:14.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w1);margin:0 0 22px;position:relative;z-index:2;max-width:50ch}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation .st-body strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foundation .st-body em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r1);font-weight:500}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-test{margin-top:auto;padding-top:18px;border-top:1px dashed rgba(237,64,54,.25);position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-test-label{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-test-list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;gap:5px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-test-list li{font-family:var(--s);font-size:13px;line-height:1.5;color:var(--w1);padding-left:18px;position:relative;font-weight:500}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-test-list li::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:0;top:8px;width:8px;height:1px;background:var(--r)}\n\n    \/* RIGHT: S1 block + climate-first relief callout *\/\n    .oth-ifrs .st-flow{display:grid;grid-template-rows:1fr auto;gap:14px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block{background:var(--k2);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:34px 32px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .4s var(--ease);display:flex;flex-direction:column}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:4px;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--gold) 100%);transition:width .35s var(--ease)}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block:hover::before{width:6px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block:hover{background:var(--k3);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.3);transform:translateY(-3px);box-shadow:0 18px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block::after{content:\"S1\";position:absolute;top:-20px;right:-10px;font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-size:clamp(90px,14vw,170px);line-height:1;color:var(--r);opacity:.06;pointer-events:none;letter-spacing:-.04em}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block .st-tag{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:10px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block h4{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:26px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);margin:0 0 4px;line-height:1.1;letter-spacing:-.01em;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block h4 em{color:var(--r);font-style:italic}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block .st-sub{font-family:var(--s);font-size:13px;font-weight:500;color:var(--r1);margin-bottom:14px;letter-spacing:.01em;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block p{font-size:13px;line-height:1.65;color:var(--w1);margin:0 0 14px;position:relative;z-index:2;flex:1}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-block p em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r1);font-weight:500}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-spec{margin-top:auto;padding-top:14px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line);position:relative;z-index:2;display:grid;grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:10px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-spec-cell{background:var(--k);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:10px 12px;display:grid;gap:3px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-spec-k{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9px;letter-spacing:.12em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r);font-weight:700}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-spec-v{font-family:var(--s);font-size:12px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);letter-spacing:-.005em;line-height:1.3}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-spec-v b{color:var(--r);font-weight:700}\n\n    \/* relief callout *\/\n    .oth-ifrs .st-relief{background:rgba(237,64,54,.04);border:1px dashed rgba(237,64,54,.30);padding:18px 22px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-relief-title{font-family:var(--m);font-size:10px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r1);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:8px;display:flex;align-items:center;gap:8px}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-relief-title::before{content:\"\";width:6px;height:6px;border-radius:50%;background:var(--r);box-shadow:0 0 6px var(--r)}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-relief-body{font-size:12px;line-height:1.55;color:var(--w1);font-family:var(--s)}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-relief-body b{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-relief-body em{color:var(--r);font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic}\n\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foot{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w2);margin:32px 0 0;font-family:var(--m);letter-spacing:.02em;max-width:96ch;padding:18px 22px;background:var(--k);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--r);position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foot b{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n    .oth-ifrs .st-foot em{color:var(--r);font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic}\n\n    @media (max-width:1024px){\n      .oth-ifrs .st-frame{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:18px}\n      .oth-ifrs .st-foundation{padding:32px 28px}\n      .oth-ifrs .st-block{padding:28px 24px}\n    }\n    @media (max-width:600px){\n      .oth-ifrs .st-foundation{padding:28px 22px}\n      .oth-ifrs .st-spec{grid-template-columns:1fr;gap:8px}\n    }\n\n    \/* ============ \u00a702 \u2014 TCFD FOUR PILLARS (S2 inherited architecture) ============ *\/\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-sec{padding:110px 0;background:var(--k);border-top:1px solid var(--line);position:relative;overflow:hidden}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-sec::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:30%;left:-15%;width:600px;height:600px;background:radial-gradient(circle,rgba(237,64,54,.05),transparent 70%);border-radius:50%;pointer-events:none}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-grid{display:grid;grid-template-columns:repeat(4,1fr);gap:14px;position:relative;z-index:2}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card{background:var(--k2);border:1px solid var(--line);padding:28px 24px;position:relative;overflow:hidden;transition:all .4s var(--ease);display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:340px}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:4px;height:100%;background:linear-gradient(180deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--gold) 100%);transition:width .35s var(--ease)}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card:hover::before{width:6px}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card:hover{background:var(--k3);border-color:rgba(237,64,54,.30);transform:translateY(-4px);box-shadow:0 16px 40px rgba(0,0,0,.4)}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-num{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-weight:600;font-size:54px;line-height:1;color:var(--r);letter-spacing:-.025em;margin-bottom:12px;background:linear-gradient(135deg,var(--r) 0%,var(--gold) 100%);-webkit-background-clip:text;background-clip:text;-webkit-text-fill-color:transparent}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-tag{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--r);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card h4{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;font-size:20px;font-weight:600;color:var(--w);margin:0 0 10px;line-height:1.15;letter-spacing:-.005em}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card h4 em{color:var(--r);font-style:italic}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card p{font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.6;color:var(--w1);margin:0 0 14px;flex:1}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card p strong{color:var(--w);font-weight:600}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-card p em{font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic;color:var(--r1);font-weight:500}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-discs{padding-top:12px;border-top:1px dashed var(--line)}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-discs-label{font-family:var(--m);font-size:9.5px;letter-spacing:.14em;text-transform:uppercase;color:var(--w3);font-weight:700;margin-bottom:6px}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-disc-list{margin:0;padding:0;list-style:none;display:grid;gap:4px}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-disc-list li{font-family:var(--s);font-size:11.5px;line-height:1.45;color:var(--w1);padding-left:12px;position:relative;font-weight:500}\n    .oth-ifrs .tc-disc-list li::before{content:\"\";position:absolute;left:0;top:7px;width:5px;height:1px;background:var(--r)}\n    @media (max-width:1100px){.oth-ifrs .tc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr 1fr;gap:12px}}\n    @media (max-width:600px){.oth-ifrs .tc-grid{grid-template-columns:1fr}}\n<\/style>\n\n<noscript><style>\n.oth-ifrs [data-reveal], .oth-ifrs [data-reveal-stagger] > *{opacity:1!important;transform:none!important}\n<\/style><\/noscript>\n\n<div class=\"oth-ifrs\" id=\"oth-ifrs-top\">\n\n<!-- STATUS STRIP -->\n<div class=\"strip\">\n  <div class=\"wrap\"><div class=\"strip-row\">\n    <div class=\"l\"><span class=\"strip-dot\"><\/span>IFRS S1 + S2 \u00b7 ISSB SUSTAINABILITY DISCLOSURE STANDARDS \u00b7 MANDATORY THAI SEC FROM 2026 \u00b7 SET50 FIRST<\/div>\n    <div class=\"r\">Anchored by <b>Kittichai Orapruek<\/b> &middot; FTSE 2026 Transition Anchor <span style=\"color:var(--r)\">\u00b7<\/span> Phase-1 SET50 disclosure cycle 2027<\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- BREADCRUMB -->\n<div class=\"crumb\">\n  <div class=\"wrap\">\n    <a href=\"\/\">Othello<\/a>\n    <span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span>\n    <a href=\"\/certifications\/\">Certifications<\/a>\n    <span class=\"sep\">\/<\/span>\n    <span class=\"here\">IFRS S1 + S2<\/span>\n  <\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<!-- ============ HERO ============ -->\n<section class=\"hero\">\n  <div class=\"wrap\"><div class=\"hero-inner\">\n    <div class=\"hero-tag\" data-reveal><span class=\"dot\"><\/span>\u2605 IFRS S1 + IFRS S2 \u00b7 ISSB \u00b7 MANDATORY THAI SEC FROM 2026 \u00b7 SET50 PHASE 1 \u00b7 CLIMATE-FIRST RELIEFS \u00b7 LIMITED ASSURANCE<\/div>\n    <h1 data-reveal>The financial-materiality side <em>of mandatory Thai sustainability disclosure.<\/em><\/h1>\n    <div class=\"hero-grid\">\n      <div class=\"hero-left\">\n        <p data-reveal><strong>IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 are the inaugural sustainability disclosure standards issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) in June 2023<\/strong>, effective globally for annual periods beginning <em>1 January 2024<\/em> with phased jurisdictional adoption. <em>S1 covers general sustainability-related financial information<\/em>; <em>S2 covers climate-specific disclosure<\/em>. S2 absorbed the TCFD recommendations &mdash; TCFD&#8217;s four-pillar architecture (Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics &amp; Targets) is preserved in S2 alongside materially stricter disclosure requirements. <strong>The Thai SEC&#8217;s public consultation (closed 22 October 2025) confirms phased mandatory adoption beginning with SET50 corporates in fiscal year 2026<\/strong>, reporting in 2027; SET100 in 2027 fiscal year, reporting in 2028; remaining SET-listed and mai cohorts through 2029. <em>The 2026 SET50 start is the most consequential ESG-disclosure change in Thai capital markets in a decade.<\/em> Othello&#8217;s bench is configured for it &mdash; Kittichai Orapruek anchors the IFRS work, with the firm&#8217;s GRI 2021 competence delivering the impact-materiality complement and Panit&#8217;s AA1000AS ACSAP available for the limited-assurance overlay Thai SEC will require on Scope 1+2.<\/p>\n        <div class=\"hs-grid\" data-reveal-stagger>\n          <div class=\"hs\">\n            <div class=\"ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><polyline points=\"22 12 18 12 15 21 9 3 6 12 2 12\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n            <div class=\"lb\">SEC Phase 1 Mandatory<\/div>\n            <div class=\"v\"><span class=\"num\" data-count-to=\"2026\">2026<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"sb\">SET50 fiscal year &middot; report 2027<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"hs\">\n            <div class=\"ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><path d=\"M17 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-4-4H5a4 4 0 0 0-4 4v2\"\/><circle cx=\"9\" cy=\"7\" r=\"4\"\/><path d=\"M23 21v-2a4 4 0 0 0-3-3.87M16 3.13a4 4 0 0 1 0 7.75\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n            <div class=\"lb\">Phase 1 Reporters<\/div>\n            <div class=\"v\"><span class=\"num\" data-count-to=\"50\">50<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"sb\">SET50 &middot; largest by market cap<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"hs\">\n            <div class=\"ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"3\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><rect x=\"14\" y=\"3\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><rect x=\"14\" y=\"14\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><rect x=\"3\" y=\"14\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n            <div class=\"lb\">ISSB Standards<\/div>\n            <div class=\"v\" style=\"font-family:var(--d);font-size:36px\">S1+S2<\/div>\n            <div class=\"sb\">General &middot; Climate-specific<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"hs\">\n            <div class=\"ic\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\" stroke=\"currentColor\" stroke-width=\"1.8\" stroke-linecap=\"round\" stroke-linejoin=\"round\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"12\" r=\"10\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"6\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"12\"\/><line x1=\"12\" y1=\"16\" x2=\"12\" y2=\"18\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n            <div class=\"lb\">Climate-First Relief<\/div>\n            <div class=\"v\"><span class=\"num\" data-count-to=\"5\">5<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"sb\">Years &middot; S2 first, S1 expansion<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n        <div class=\"hctas\" data-reveal>\n          <a href=\"#standards\" class=\"btn btn-primary\">S1 + S2 Standards Detail<\/a>\n          <a href=\"\/certifications\/\" class=\"btn btn-outline\">All 20 Credentials<\/a>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"lp-card\">\n          <div class=\"lp-lb\">&starf; CREDENTIAL POSTURE &middot; FORWARD-CONFIGURED<\/div>\n          <div class=\"lp-head\">Mandatory Thai SEC. <em>From 2026.<\/em><\/div>\n          <ul class=\"lp-items\">\n            <li class=\"lp-item gold\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Standards body<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>ISSB<\/b> &middot; IFRS Foundation<\/span><\/li>\n            <li class=\"lp-item gold\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Bench anchor<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>Kittichai O.<\/b> &middot; IFRS \/ FTSE<\/span><\/li>\n            <li class=\"lp-item\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Issued<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>June 2023<\/b> &middot; effective 1 Jan 2024<\/span><\/li>\n            <li class=\"lp-item\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Thai SET50<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>Fiscal 2026<\/b> &middot; report 2027<\/span><\/li>\n            <li class=\"lp-item gold\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Thai SET100<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>Fiscal 2027<\/b> &middot; report 2028<\/span><\/li>\n            <li class=\"lp-item\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Assurance<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>Limited on Scope 1+2<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n            <li class=\"lp-item\"><span class=\"lp-k\">Pairs with<\/span><span class=\"lp-v\"><b>GRI &middot; TCFD &middot; SASB<\/b><\/span><\/li>\n          <\/ul>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/div><\/div>\n<\/section>\n  <!-- ============ \u00a701 \u2014 S1 vs S2 (foundation+flow with S2 foundational) ============ -->\n\n  <section class=\"st-sec\" id=\"standards\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"section-head\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\u2605 \u00a701 \u00b7 S1 vs S2 \u00b7 Thai SEC Starts With S2 (Climate-First)<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"title\">Two standards. <em>One climate-first sequence.<\/em> Thai SEC implements S2 first, S1 expansion over five years.<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"lead\">IFRS S1 covers <strong>general sustainability-related financial information<\/strong> &mdash; the full sustainability scope an entity must disclose where material to enterprise value. IFRS S2 covers <strong>climate-specific disclosure<\/strong> &mdash; the substantive climate risks, opportunities, transition plans, metrics, and targets. <em>Together they constitute the inaugural ISSB sustainability disclosure standards<\/em>, issued June 2023, effective globally for annual reporting periods beginning 1 January 2024. <strong>Thailand&#8217;s SEC consultation (closed 22 October 2025) confirms phased mandatory adoption beginning with SET50 in fiscal 2026<\/strong>, with substantial transition reliefs \u2014 most notably <em>climate-first reporting for the first five years<\/em>, allowing reporters to disclose under S2 (and the relevant S1 elements) without immediately expanding to full S1 sustainability scope.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"st-frame\">\n\n        <div class=\"st-foundation\" data-reveal>\n          <div class=\"st-eyebrow\"><span class=\"pulse\"><\/span>STANDARD 02 &middot; CLIMATE-SPECIFIC &middot; THAI SEC FIRST<\/div>\n          <h3>IFRS S2. <em>Climate-related disclosure.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <div class=\"st-sub\">The standard the Thai SEC implements first \u2014 TCFD four-pillar architecture absorbed and tightened.<\/div>\n          <p class=\"st-body\"><strong>IFRS S2 requires entities to disclose information about climate-related risks and opportunities that is useful to users of general-purpose financial reports<\/strong>. <em>S2 preserves and tightens the TCFD four-pillar architecture<\/em> &mdash; Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics &amp; Targets &mdash; while adding substantive requirements: <strong>cross-industry GHG metrics (Scope 1, 2, 3), climate-related transition plans, climate-resilience analysis with quantitative scenarios, capital deployment, internal carbon prices, and remuneration linkage to climate performance<\/strong>. SASB Standards inform the industry-specific disclosure topics. For Thai SET50 reporters, S2 is the entry point &mdash; the climate-first relief means S2 (plus relevant S1 elements like materiality methodology) is what must be filed for fiscal 2026.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"st-test\">\n            <div class=\"st-test-label\">What IFRS S2 requires, by pillar<\/div>\n            <ul class=\"st-test-list\">\n              <li>Governance &middot; board oversight of climate risks\/opportunities<\/li>\n              <li>Strategy &middot; transition plan, scenario analysis, financial impacts<\/li>\n              <li>Risk Management &middot; identification, assessment, integration<\/li>\n              <li>Metrics &middot; Scope 1, 2, 3 GHG (with reliefs first 5 years)<\/li>\n              <li>Targets &middot; quantitative, timebound, milestone-tracked<\/li>\n              <li>SASB-informed industry-specific climate metrics<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"st-flow\">\n\n          <div class=\"st-block\" data-reveal>\n            <div class=\"st-tag\">STANDARD 01 &middot; GENERAL SUSTAINABILITY<\/div>\n            <h3>IFRS <em>S1<\/em>.<\/h3>\n            <div class=\"st-sub\">General requirements for sustainability-related financial information.<\/div>\n            <p><strong>IFRS S1 sets the framework standards every sustainability disclosure must follow<\/strong> &mdash; including materiality methodology, presentation requirements, comparative-period disclosure, sources of guidance (SASB Standards), and connectivity to financial statements. <em>S1 expands beyond climate to cover all sustainability-related risks and opportunities<\/em> material to enterprise value &mdash; biodiversity, human capital, supply chain, governance, others as relevant. For Thai SET50 reporters under climate-first relief, only the S1 elements directly required for S2 disclosure apply initially.<\/p>\n            <div class=\"st-spec\">\n              <div class=\"st-spec-cell\"><span class=\"st-spec-k\">Scope<\/span><span class=\"st-spec-v\">All sustainability<\/span><\/div>\n              <div class=\"st-spec-cell\"><span class=\"st-spec-k\">Phase 1<\/span><span class=\"st-spec-v\"><b>Relevant elements only<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n          <div class=\"st-relief\" data-reveal>\n            <div class=\"st-relief-title\">\u2605 THAI SEC CLIMATE-FIRST RELIEF<\/div>\n            <div class=\"st-relief-body\"><b>First five years (2026-2030):<\/b> S2 + relevant S1 only &middot; <b>Scope 1+2 only<\/b> (Scope 3 deferred) &middot; <b>GHG Protocol 2004 or equivalent<\/b> permitted &middot; <em>limited assurance on Scope 1+2 required under recognised international standards from year one<\/em>.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p class=\"st-foot\" data-reveal>&starf; <b style=\"color:var(--r)\">THAI SEC RELIEFS ARE GENEROUS BUT TIMEBOXED<\/b> &middot; <b>The Thai SEC&#8217;s transition reliefs are not optional indulgences &mdash; they expire.<\/b> After fiscal year 2030, full S1 sustainability scope, GHG Protocol 2004 only (no equivalents), and Scope 3 emissions disclosure all become mandatory. <em style=\"color:var(--r);font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic\">SET50 reporters who treat the reliefs as long-term policy will face a sharp cliff at year six<\/em>. Othello&#8217;s bench scopes engagements for both the SET50 fiscal 2026 entry and the post-relief full-disclosure regime &mdash; ensuring the GHG inventory build, Scope 3 supply-chain mapping, and full S1 materiality assessment all happen on a five-year glidepath rather than a six-month panic.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- ============ \u00a702 \u2014 TCFD FOUR PILLARS S2 ABSORBED ============ -->\n  <section class=\"tc-sec\" id=\"pillars\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"section-head\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\u2605 \u00a702 \u00b7 The TCFD Four-Pillar Architecture \u00b7 Preserved And Tightened In IFRS S2<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"title\">Four pillars. <em>Same architecture.<\/em> S2 absorbed TCFD in 2023.<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"lead\">The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) was <strong>formally absorbed into the ISSB in 2023<\/strong>, with the four-pillar disclosure architecture preserved unchanged in IFRS S2: <em>Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics &amp; Targets<\/em>. The Financial Stability Board dissolved the TCFD as a separate body in July 2023, transferring ongoing climate-disclosure responsibilities to the ISSB. <strong>For Thai SET-listed corporates that have previously reported against TCFD voluntarily<\/strong> \u2014 a non-trivial number, per 56-1 One Report sustainability sections \u2014 <em>the existing TCFD disclosure architecture transfers substantively intact into IFRS S2 with tightened evidence requirements<\/em>. The four cards below show what each pillar contains in S2, with specific disclosure requirements.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"tc-grid\" data-reveal-stagger>\n\n        <div class=\"tc-card\">\n          <div class=\"tc-num\">01<\/div>\n          <div class=\"tc-tag\">PILLAR \u00b7 BOARD &amp; MANAGEMENT<\/div>\n          <h3>Governance<\/h3>\n          <p>The processes, controls, and procedures used to <strong>monitor, manage, and oversee climate-related risks and opportunities<\/strong>. The board&#8217;s role &mdash; including how it is informed, how frequently, what climate competencies are represented &mdash; plus management&#8217;s role in assessing and managing climate exposure. <em>The &#8220;tone from the top&#8221; disclosure<\/em> on climate.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"tc-discs\">\n            <div class=\"tc-discs-label\">Required disclosures<\/div>\n            <ul class=\"tc-disc-list\">\n              <li>Board oversight body identification<\/li>\n              <li>Board climate competencies<\/li>\n              <li>Management role in climate decisions<\/li>\n              <li>Integration into existing committees<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"tc-card\">\n          <div class=\"tc-num\">02<\/div>\n          <div class=\"tc-tag\">PILLAR \u00b7 TRANSITION &amp; FINANCIAL<\/div>\n          <h3>Strategy<\/h3>\n          <p>The <strong>climate-related risks and opportunities the entity has identified<\/strong> over short-, medium-, and long-term horizons; their impacts on the business model and strategy; the resilience of the strategy under different climate scenarios. <em>S2 introduced quantitative scenario-analysis requirements<\/em> tighter than original TCFD, including specific financial impact disclosures.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"tc-discs\">\n            <div class=\"tc-discs-label\">Required disclosures<\/div>\n            <ul class=\"tc-disc-list\">\n              <li>Material risks\/opportunities identified<\/li>\n              <li>Transition plan with milestones<\/li>\n              <li>Climate scenarios used (incl. 2&deg;C)<\/li>\n              <li>Current and projected financial impacts<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"tc-card\">\n          <div class=\"tc-num\">03<\/div>\n          <div class=\"tc-tag\">PILLAR \u00b7 INTEGRATED PROCESS<\/div>\n          <h3>Risk <em>Management<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p>The processes the entity uses to <strong>identify, assess, prioritise, and monitor climate-related risks<\/strong>, and how those processes are integrated into the entity&#8217;s overall risk management. <em>S2 tightens this from TCFD&#8217;s narrative description to require specific quantitative integration evidence<\/em> &mdash; how climate risk maps to ERM categories, how it affects capital allocation, how it changes operational decisions.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"tc-discs\">\n            <div class=\"tc-discs-label\">Required disclosures<\/div>\n            <ul class=\"tc-disc-list\">\n              <li>Risk identification methodology<\/li>\n              <li>Risk assessment criteria<\/li>\n              <li>ERM integration approach<\/li>\n              <li>Climate-risk monitoring frequency<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"tc-card\">\n          <div class=\"tc-num\">04<\/div>\n          <div class=\"tc-tag\">PILLAR \u00b7 QUANTITATIVE EVIDENCE<\/div>\n          <h3>Metrics &amp; <em>Targets<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p>The <strong>quantitative metrics and targets the entity uses to assess and manage climate exposure<\/strong>. Cross-industry metrics required: Scope 1, 2, 3 GHG emissions; transition-risk-exposed assets; physical-risk-exposed assets; capital deployed; internal carbon price; climate-linked remuneration. <em>SASB-informed industry-specific metrics<\/em> additionally required (e.g. food production methane intensity, aviation passenger-km emissions).<\/p>\n          <div class=\"tc-discs\">\n            <div class=\"tc-discs-label\">Required disclosures<\/div>\n            <ul class=\"tc-disc-list\">\n              <li>Scope 1, 2, 3 GHG (Scope 3 deferred Y1-Y5)<\/li>\n              <li>Industry-specific SASB metrics<\/li>\n              <li>Climate-related targets (quantitative)<\/li>\n              <li>Internal carbon price (if used)<\/li>\n            <\/ul>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w2);margin:32px 0 0;font-family:var(--m);letter-spacing:.02em;max-width:96ch;padding:18px 22px;background:var(--k1);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--r);position:relative;z-index:2\" data-reveal>&starf; <b style=\"color:var(--r)\">TCFD ABSORBED, NOT REPLACED<\/b> &middot; <b style=\"color:var(--w)\">For Thai SET-listed corporates that voluntarily reported against TCFD in their 56-1 One Report sustainability sections during 2020-2024, the existing disclosure architecture transfers substantively intact to IFRS S2.<\/b> The transition is one of <em>tightening evidence requirements<\/em>, not redesigning the framework: TCFD&#8217;s narrative descriptions become S2&#8217;s quantitative thresholds; TCFD&#8217;s recommended scenarios become S2&#8217;s required quantitative scenarios. <em style=\"color:var(--r);font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic\">Othello&#8217;s bench engages prior TCFD reporters at the data-and-evidence depth layer rather than at architecture redesign<\/em> &mdash; faster, less expensive, and more defensible than a from-scratch S2 build.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <!-- ============ \u00a703 \u2014 THAI SEC IMPLEMENTATION TIMELINE ============ -->\n  <section class=\"qd-sec\" id=\"timeline\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"section-head\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\u2605 \u00a703 \u00b7 The Thai SEC Implementation Timeline \u00b7 Phased Mandatory Adoption<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"title\">Six stages. <em>SET50 2026 through mai 2029.<\/em><\/h2>\n        <p class=\"lead\">The Thai SEC&#8217;s public consultation (closed 22 October 2025) confirmed the <strong>phased mandatory adoption schedule<\/strong>. The six stages below show which corporates report when, what reliefs apply during each phase, and what the post-relief regime looks like for SET50 reporters from fiscal 2031 onward. <em>Othello&#8217;s bench scopes engagements against the entity&#8217;s specific cohort and reporting year<\/em> &mdash; SET50 corporates need to start preparing in fiscal 2026 even though the disclosure publishes in 2027.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"qd-block wf\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"qd-eye\">\u2605 PHASED ADOPTION &middot; SET50 FIRST &middot; CLIMATE-FIRST RELIEFS THROUGH 2030<\/div>\n        <h3>Six cohorts. <em>One phased timeline.<\/em><\/h3>\n        <p>How a Thai-listed corporate&#8217;s IFRS S1\/S2 mandatory disclosure obligations map to its market-cap cohort and fiscal year. <strong>The SEC&#8217;s reliefs are aligned with each cohort&#8217;s entry year<\/strong>, not a single global Thai date &mdash; meaning a SET100 corporate entering in fiscal 2027 gets its own five-year climate-first relief window, separate from SET50&#8217;s window. See <a href=\"\/our-process\/\">Our Process<\/a> for the broader engagement discipline.<\/p>\n\n        <div class=\"qd-steps\" data-reveal-stagger>\n          <div class=\"qd-step\">\n            <div class=\"qs-num\">PHASE 01<\/div>\n            <div class=\"qs-body\"><span class=\"qs-title\">SET50 \u00b7 fiscal year 2026 \u00b7 report 2027.<\/span>The <strong>50 largest and most liquid SET-listed companies enter the regime first<\/strong>. Climate-first reliefs apply: S2 only (with relevant S1 elements), Scope 1+2 only, GHG Protocol 2004 or equivalent, limited assurance on Scope 1+2. <em>The disclosure publishes in fiscal 2027 alongside the 56-1 One Report<\/em>; preparation must begin in fiscal 2026 to assemble baseline data, build governance disclosure, and execute scenario analysis.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"qd-step\">\n            <div class=\"qs-num\">PHASE 02<\/div>\n            <div class=\"qs-body\"><span class=\"qs-title\">SET100 \u00b7 fiscal year 2027 \u00b7 report 2028.<\/span><strong>SET100 cohort enters fiscal 2027<\/strong> &mdash; the 100 largest and most liquid SET-listed companies (which includes SET50). Same climate-first reliefs apply with the cohort&#8217;s own five-year window. <em>SET100 corporates can observe SET50 fiscal 2026 disclosures publishing in 2027 before their own filing &mdash; substantial learning advantage<\/em> for entities aware enough to use it.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"qd-step\">\n            <div class=\"qs-num\">PHASE 03<\/div>\n            <div class=\"qs-body\"><span class=\"qs-title\">Other SET-listed \u00b7 phased fiscal 2028.<\/span><strong>Remaining SET-listed companies (other than mai)<\/strong> enter the regime through fiscal 2028, reporting in 2029. <em>The same climate-first reliefs apply per cohort<\/em>, but the bench of TGO CFO certification, ISO 14064-2 GHG inventory, and AA1000AS-grade assurance capacity in Thailand becomes substantially more competitive at this scale &mdash; planning ahead matters.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"qd-step\">\n            <div class=\"qs-num\">PHASE 04<\/div>\n            <div class=\"qs-body\"><span class=\"qs-title\">mai-listed + REITs + Infrastructure Trusts \u00b7 fiscal 2029 \u00b7 report 2030.<\/span><strong>All mai-listed companies, new mai IPOs, REITs, Infrastructure Trusts, Property Funds, and Infrastructure Funds<\/strong> enter the regime in fiscal 2029. The cohort with the lightest disclosure history pre-2029 &mdash; <em>most mai-listed sustainability practice does not currently meet S2 standards<\/em>, so the build is substantively larger relative to existing baseline.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"qd-step\">\n            <div class=\"qs-num\">PHASE 05<\/div>\n            <div class=\"qs-body\"><span class=\"qs-title\">Year 6 (SET50 fiscal 2031) \u00b7 climate-first reliefs expire.<\/span><strong>The first cohort to face the post-relief regime: SET50, from fiscal 2031.<\/strong> Climate-first reliefs end &mdash; full S1 sustainability scope is required (biodiversity, human capital, governance, supply chain); GHG Protocol 2004 only (no equivalents); <em>Scope 3 emissions disclosure becomes mandatory<\/em>. The cliff most SET50 corporates are underestimating today.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n          <div class=\"qd-step\">\n            <div class=\"qs-num\">PHASE 06<\/div>\n            <div class=\"qs-body\"><span class=\"qs-title\">Steady state \u00b7 all SET-listed full S1+S2 + Scope 3.<\/span>By fiscal 2034 (SET50&#8217;s year 9; mai&#8217;s year 6), <strong>the steady-state regime applies to all SET-listed and mai-listed corporates<\/strong>: full IFRS S1 sustainability scope, full IFRS S2 climate disclosure, Scope 1+2+3 GHG emissions, limited assurance on emissions, alignment with global IFRS Foundation guidance and any subsequent ISSB standards (biodiversity standard expected; human capital standard in development). <em>The Thai disclosure regime by 2034 is structurally aligned with EU CSRD\/ESRS, Australian ASRS, UK SDS, and other major jurisdictional implementations<\/em>.<\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w2);margin:32px 0 0;font-family:var(--m);letter-spacing:.02em;max-width:88ch;padding:18px 22px;background:var(--k1);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--r);position:relative;z-index:2\" data-reveal>&starf; <b style=\"color:var(--r)\">START NOW, EVEN IF YOU&#8217;RE SET100<\/b> &middot; <b style=\"color:var(--w)\">The five-year climate-first relief window opens when the cohort enters the regime &mdash; not on a single global Thai date.<\/b> A SET100 corporate entering fiscal 2027 gets reliefs through fiscal 2031, then full regime from fiscal 2032. <em style=\"color:var(--r);font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic\">But the data infrastructure required to satisfy fiscal 2027 reporting needs to be built in fiscal 2026 &mdash; meaning the SET100 entry-prep window is effectively now<\/em>. Othello&#8217;s bench is configured for SET50 fiscal 2026 entry and SET100 fiscal 2027 entry simultaneously, with engagement letters keyed to specific cohort and fiscal year.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- ============ \u00a704 \u2014 THE STANDARDS STACK ============ -->\n  <section class=\"pm-sec\" id=\"standards-stack\" style=\"background:var(--k1)\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"section-head\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\u2605 \u00a704 \u00b7 The Standards Stack Behind IFRS S1\/S2<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"title\">Six standards. <em>One global disclosure architecture.<\/em><\/h2>\n        <p class=\"lead\">IFRS S1\/S2 are <strong>not standalone<\/strong> &mdash; they sit inside a documented stack of global governance bodies, prior framework integration, and jurisdictional implementations. The six layers below are what makes Thai SEC adoption practically meaningful for SET-listed corporates: <em>the ISSB issued the standards, IOSCO endorsed them, SASB and TCFD were absorbed into them, GRI is interoperable with them, and 30+ jurisdictions are adopting them<\/em>. The configuration is the global ESG-disclosure architecture for 2026 onward.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"pm-grid\" data-reveal-stagger>\n\n        <div class=\"pm-card\">\n          <div class=\"pm-num\">STD 01 \u00b7 STANDARDS ISSUER<\/div>\n          <h3>ISSB &middot; <em>the standard-setter.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>The International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB) is the body within the IFRS Foundation that issues sustainability disclosure standards<\/strong> &mdash; analogous to the IASB which issues IFRS financial accounting standards. Established <em>November 2021<\/em> at COP26. Inaugural S1 + S2 standards published June 2023; ISSB-S3 Biodiversity in development; ISSB-S4 Human Capital in development. <em>The ISSB operates under IFRS Foundation governance with a public-interest mandate<\/em>, distinct from EFRAG (which issues ESRS for the EU CSRD).<\/p>\n          <div class=\"pm-spec\">\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Body<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\"><b>ISSB<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Parent<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">IFRS Foundation<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Established<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">COP26 Nov 2021<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"pm-card\">\n          <div class=\"pm-num\">STD 02 \u00b7 IOSCO ENDORSEMENT<\/div>\n          <h3>IOSCO <em>endorsed.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>The International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) endorsed IFRS S1 and S2 in July 2023<\/strong> &mdash; meaning IOSCO&#8217;s 140+ member securities regulators (covering 95%+ of global capital markets) were called on to consider their adoption. <em>The Thai SEC&#8217;s adoption is partly response to this IOSCO endorsement<\/em>, alongside its own 2024 sustainability roadmap consultation that found broad domestic support. The endorsement gives IFRS S1\/S2 a different standing from any voluntary framework &mdash; it carries global regulatory authority.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"pm-spec\">\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Body<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\"><b>IOSCO<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Endorsed<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">July 2023<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Coverage<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">95%+ markets<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"pm-card\">\n          <div class=\"pm-num\">STD 03 \u00b7 SASB ABSORBED<\/div>\n          <h3>SASB <em>industry standards.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>The Sustainability Accounting Standards Board (SASB) Standards were absorbed into the IFRS Foundation in 2022 via the merger of the Value Reporting Foundation<\/strong>, then integrated into IFRS S1\/S2 as the source of industry-specific sustainability metrics. <em>SASB covers 77 industries with specific financial-materiality disclosure topics<\/em>. IFRS S1\/S2 require reporters to consider SASB industry standards when identifying material sustainability topics &mdash; making SASB the de facto industry-overlay standard inside IFRS S1\/S2.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"pm-spec\">\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Status<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\"><b>Absorbed 2022<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Industries<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">77 covered<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Role in S1\/S2<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Industry overlay<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"pm-card\">\n          <div class=\"pm-num\">STD 04 \u00b7 TCFD ABSORBED<\/div>\n          <h3>TCFD <em>climate architecture.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>The Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD) was formally dissolved in July 2023<\/strong>, with climate-disclosure responsibilities transferred to the ISSB. <em>TCFD&#8217;s four-pillar architecture (Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics &amp; Targets) was preserved unchanged in IFRS S2<\/em>. For Thai SET-listed corporates that previously reported TCFD voluntarily, the transition to S2 is one of tightening evidence requirements rather than redesigning the framework. See <a href=\"\/certifications\/\" style=\"color:var(--r);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.4)\">TCFD page (pending)<\/a>.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"pm-spec\">\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Status<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\"><b>Dissolved 2023<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Architecture<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Preserved in S2<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Pillars<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Four (unchanged)<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"pm-card\">\n          <div class=\"pm-num\">STD 05 \u00b7 GRI INTEROPERABLE<\/div>\n          <h3>GRI <em>impact-materiality pair.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>GRI Standards and IFRS S1\/S2 cover the two halves of double materiality<\/strong> &mdash; GRI handles impact materiality (impacts on the economy, environment, and people); IFRS S1\/S2 handle financial materiality (sustainability matters affecting enterprise value). <em>GRI and the IFRS Foundation have a formal collaboration agreement with published joint mapping documents<\/em>. For Thai SET-listed corporates, the practical configuration is GRI 2021 + IFRS S2 for SET50 fiscal 2026 entry, with the GRI report providing the impact-materiality companion to S2&#8217;s financial-materiality disclosure. See <a href=\"\/certifications\/gri\/\" style=\"color:var(--r);text-decoration:none;border-bottom:1px solid rgba(237,64,54,.4)\">\/certifications\/gri\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"pm-spec\">\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Partner<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\"><b>GRI Standards<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Together<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Double materiality<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Joint docs<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Published<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n        <div class=\"pm-card\">\n          <div class=\"pm-num\">STD 06 \u00b7 GLOBAL ADOPTION<\/div>\n          <h3>30+ <em>jurisdictions.<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>30+ jurisdictions are moving toward mandatory IFRS S1\/S2 adoption<\/strong> &mdash; including Australia (ASRS, mandatory from 2025 for large reporters), Canada (CSDS-1\/CSDS-2 voluntary, mandatory pending), UK (UK SDS, mandatory 2025\/2026), Brazil (CVM mandatory 2026), Singapore (mandatory 2025), Hong Kong (mandatory 2026), Japan (mandatory 2027), Korea (mandatory 2026), Mexico, Pakistan, Taiwan (2026-2029 phased), Nigeria, and others. <em>The Thai SEC adoption sits within this global wave<\/em> &mdash; not an isolated regulatory choice but part of the ISSB-led harmonisation IOSCO endorsed.<\/p>\n          <div class=\"pm-spec\">\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Jurisdictions<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\"><b>30+<\/b><\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Pattern<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Phased mandatory<\/span><\/div>\n            <div class=\"pm-spec-row\"><span class=\"pm-spec-k\">Thailand role<\/span><span class=\"pm-spec-v\">Within global wave<\/span><\/div>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/div>\n\n      <\/div>\n\n      <p style=\"font-size:12.5px;line-height:1.7;color:var(--w2);margin:32px 0 0;font-family:var(--m);letter-spacing:.02em;max-width:88ch;padding:18px 22px;background:var(--k);border:1px solid var(--line);border-left:3px solid var(--r);position:relative;z-index:2\" data-reveal>&starf; <b style=\"color:var(--r)\">THE STACK IS WHY ADOPTION ACCELERATED<\/b> &middot; <b style=\"color:var(--w)\">IFRS S1\/S2 went from &#8220;newly issued standards&#8221; (June 2023) to &#8220;30+ jurisdictions adopting&#8221; (mid-2025) faster than any prior IFRS Foundation product because the stack was already in place &mdash; ISSB inherited TCFD&#8217;s architecture, SASB&#8217;s industry coverage, GRI&#8217;s interoperability, and IOSCO&#8217;s endorsement.<\/b> <em style=\"color:var(--r);font-family:var(--d);font-style:italic\">For Thai SET-listed corporates, the practical implication is that S1\/S2 is the global standard their international investors, rating agencies, and capital-market counterparties are also reading<\/em> &mdash; not a Thai regulator-specific compliance burden.<\/p>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n\n  <!-- ============ ADJACENT ============ -->\n  <section class=\"as-sec\" id=\"adjacent\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"section-head\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\u2605 Adjacent \u00b7 Where IFRS S1\/S2 Connects Across The Practice<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"title\">IFRS S1\/S2 is the financial-materiality side. <em>Three adjacent credentials<\/em> on the same bench.<\/h2>\n        <p class=\"lead\">IFRS S1\/S2 is one of Othello&#8217;s <strong>three reporting-framework anchors<\/strong> &mdash; alongside GRI 2021 Standards (impact materiality) and FTSE Russell ESG Scores (rating methodology). <em>Together with Panit&#8217;s seven-credential ESG-assurance cluster, the configuration delivers the full Thai SET-listed 2026 disclosure stack<\/em>: impact materiality + financial materiality + GHG verification + independent assurance, all under one engagement letter.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"as-grid\" data-reveal-stagger>\n\n        <a href=\"\/certifications\/gri\/\" class=\"as-card gold\">\n          <div class=\"as-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><path d=\"M22 11.08V12a10 10 0 1 1-5.93-9.14\"\/><polyline points=\"22 4 12 14.01 9 11.01\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n          <div class=\"as-tag\">\u2605 GRI \u00b7 IMPACT MATERIALITY PAIR<\/div>\n          <h3>GRI 2021 Standards &middot; <em>double-materiality companion<\/em><\/h3>\n          <p><strong>GRI handles impact materiality; IFRS S1\/S2 handle financial materiality.<\/strong> Together they constitute double-materiality reporting &mdash; the standard sophisticated ESG investors now expect. <em>GRI and the IFRS Foundation have a formal collaboration agreement with joint mapping documents<\/em>; Othello operates both frameworks under one engagement letter when client disclosure obligations require both (which 56-1 One Report sustainability sections increasingly do).<\/p>\n          <span class=\"as-arrow\">Open GRI<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"\/certifications\/iso-14064\/\" class=\"as-card\">\n          <div class=\"as-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><rect x=\"3\" y=\"3\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><rect x=\"14\" y=\"3\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><rect x=\"14\" y=\"14\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><rect x=\"3\" y=\"14\" width=\"7\" height=\"7\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n          <div class=\"as-tag\">GHG TECHNICAL FLOOR<\/div>\n          <h3>ISO 14064 Lead Auditor &middot; Scope 1+2 methodology<\/h3>\n          <p><strong>IFRS S2 requires Scope 1+2 GHG disclosure with limited assurance from year one.<\/strong> The underlying methodology floor is ISO 14064-1 (organisational inventory) verified per ISO 14064-3 (verification methodology). <em>Panit Chancharoonpong&#8217;s CQI\/IRCA ISO 14064 Lead Auditor credential anchors the substantive emissions-verification work<\/em> behind IFRS S2 disclosures.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"as-arrow\">Open ISO 14064<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n        <a href=\"\/certifications\/aa1000as\/\" class=\"as-card\">\n          <div class=\"as-icon\"><svg viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\"><circle cx=\"12\" cy=\"8\" r=\"6\"\/><path d=\"M15.477 12.89 17 22l-5-3-5 3 1.523-9.11\"\/><\/svg><\/div>\n          <div class=\"as-tag\">ASSURANCE OVERLAY<\/div>\n          <h3>AA1000AS v3 ACSAP &middot; the limited-assurance signer<\/h3>\n          <p><strong>Thai SEC requires limited assurance on Scope 1+2 GHG from year one under recognised international standards.<\/strong> <em>AA1000AS v3 is one such recognised standard, paired with ISO 14064-3 and ISAE 3000 \/ 3410 for the audit-firm route<\/em>. Panit&#8217;s ACSAP credential underwrites the assurance overlay &mdash; separately scoped from the consultative IFRS S2 work to preserve independence.<\/p>\n          <span class=\"as-arrow\">Open AA1000AS<\/span>\n        <\/a>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- ============ FAQ ============ -->\n  <section class=\"faq-sec\" id=\"faqs\">\n    <div class=\"wrap\">\n      <div class=\"section-head center\" data-reveal>\n        <div class=\"eyebrow\">\u2605 IFRS S1\/S2 FAQ \u00b7 Ten Procurement Questions<\/div>\n        <h2 class=\"title\">Procurement questions <em>answered up front.<\/em><\/h2>\n        <p class=\"lead\" style=\"margin:0 auto\">Substantive answers to what SET50 \/ SET100 corporate sustainability heads, IR teams, audit committees, and 56-1 One Report preparers routinely ask about IFRS S1\/S2 mandatory adoption.<\/p>\n      <\/div>\n\n      <div class=\"faq-grid\" data-reveal>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.01<\/span><span>What are IFRS S1 and IFRS S2, and who issued them?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 are the inaugural sustainability disclosure standards issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB)<\/strong>, a body within the IFRS Foundation established in November 2021 at COP26. They were published in June 2023 and are effective globally for annual reporting periods beginning <em>1 January 2024<\/em>, with phased jurisdictional adoption. <em>S1 covers general sustainability-related financial information<\/em> (materiality methodology, presentation, comparative-period disclosure, SASB integration). <em>S2 covers climate-specific disclosure<\/em>, preserving the TCFD four-pillar architecture and adding tighter quantitative requirements. The standards were endorsed by IOSCO in July 2023, giving them global regulatory authority across 95%+ of capital markets.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.02<\/span><span>When does IFRS S1\/S2 become mandatory for Thai SET-listed corporates?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>Phased mandatory adoption beginning fiscal 2026 with SET50.<\/strong> The Thai SEC&#8217;s public consultation (closed 22 October 2025) confirmed the timeline: <em>SET50 fiscal 2026 (report 2027) \u2192 SET100 fiscal 2027 (report 2028) \u2192 other SET-listed fiscal 2028 (report 2029) \u2192 mai-listed + REITs + Infrastructure Trusts + Property Funds + Infrastructure Funds fiscal 2029 (report 2030)<\/em>. Each cohort gets its own five-year climate-first relief window measured from entry year. <strong>For SET50 corporates: preparation begins in fiscal 2026 even though disclosure publishes in fiscal 2027<\/strong> &mdash; building the GHG inventory, governance disclosure framework, and scenario-analysis capacity takes most of that year.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.03<\/span><span>What&#8217;s the difference between S1 and S2?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>Scope.<\/strong> <em>S1 covers general sustainability-related financial information<\/em> &mdash; the framework standards every sustainability disclosure must follow, expandable across all material sustainability topics (climate, biodiversity, human capital, supply chain, governance, others). <em>S2 covers climate-specific disclosure<\/em> with substantive detail: TCFD four-pillar architecture (Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics &amp; Targets), Scope 1+2+3 GHG emissions, transition plans, scenario analysis, SASB-informed industry-specific climate metrics. <strong>S1 must be applied if S2 is applied<\/strong> &mdash; they are companion standards, not alternatives. For Thai SET50 under the climate-first relief, only the S1 elements directly required for S2 disclosure apply initially (materiality, presentation), with full S1 sustainability scope deferred to year six.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.04<\/span><span>What are the Thai SEC&#8217;s climate-first reliefs and when do they expire?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>Four reliefs, all measured from cohort entry year, all expiring after year five<\/strong>. <em>(1) Climate-first reporting<\/em>: only S2 + relevant S1 elements required; full S1 sustainability scope deferred. <em>(2) Reporting timeline flexibility<\/em>: sustainability report can be filed at a different time from financial report. <em>(3) GHG accounting flexibility<\/em>: GHG Protocol 2004 or equivalent permitted; after year five, only GHG Protocol 2004 accepted. <em>(4) Scope 3 deferral<\/em>: only Scope 1 + Scope 2 required for first five years; Scope 3 disclosure becomes mandatory from year six. <strong>For SET50: reliefs apply fiscal 2026-2030; full regime from fiscal 2031.<\/strong> Limited assurance on Scope 1+2 GHG is required from year one, not deferred &mdash; this is the assurance entry-point Othello&#8217;s AA1000AS\/ISO 14064 bench is configured for.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.05<\/span><span>How does IFRS S2 relate to TCFD?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>S2 absorbed TCFD in 2023.<\/strong> The Financial Stability Board formally dissolved the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures in July 2023, transferring climate-disclosure responsibilities to the ISSB. <em>TCFD&#8217;s four-pillar architecture (Governance, Strategy, Risk Management, Metrics &amp; Targets) was preserved unchanged in IFRS S2<\/em>, but with substantively tighter evidence requirements: TCFD&#8217;s narrative descriptions become S2&#8217;s quantitative thresholds; TCFD&#8217;s recommended scenarios become S2&#8217;s required quantitative scenarios. <strong>For Thai SET-listed corporates that previously reported TCFD voluntarily, the transition to S2 is one of tightening evidence requirements rather than redesigning the framework<\/strong> &mdash; substantially faster than from-scratch S2 build. The 56-1 One Report sustainability sections that referenced TCFD pre-2024 transfer architecturally intact.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.06<\/span><span>How does IFRS S1\/S2 relate to GRI?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>They cover the two halves of double materiality.<\/strong> <em>GRI handles impact materiality<\/em> &mdash; impacts on the economy, environment, and people, including human rights. <em>IFRS S1\/S2 handle financial materiality<\/em> &mdash; sustainability matters affecting enterprise value. The two are complementary, not competing &mdash; GRI and the IFRS Foundation have a formal collaboration agreement, with published joint mapping documents enabling reporters to apply both frameworks efficiently. <em>For Thai SET-listed corporates, the practical configuration is GRI 2021 + IFRS S2 for the 2026 disclosure stack<\/em>: GRI provides the impact-materiality companion to S2&#8217;s financial-materiality disclosure. Othello scopes both under one engagement letter where required. See <a href=\"\/certifications\/gri\/\">\/certifications\/gri\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.07<\/span><span>What assurance is required on IFRS S2 disclosures?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>Limited assurance on Scope 1+2 GHG emissions from year one<\/strong>, under recognised international standards (ISAE 3000, ISAE 3410, ISO 14064-3, or AA1000AS v3 Type 2). <em>The assurance scope expands as the relief windows close<\/em> &mdash; Scope 3 disclosure (and assurance) from year six; full S1 sustainability disclosure (and assurance) from year six. <strong>The Thai SEC has not specified that assurance must come from a Big-4 audit firm<\/strong>; recognised assurance bodies operating under the listed standards are acceptable. <em>For SET50 corporates, this means audit-firm assurance (typical) or specialist sustainability-assurance practitioner assurance (Othello&#8217;s AA1000AS + ISO 14064 route)<\/em> &mdash; both are within the SEC&#8217;s regulatory acceptance set. See <a href=\"\/certifications\/aa1000as\/\">\/certifications\/aa1000as\/<\/a> and <a href=\"\/certifications\/iso-14064\/\">\/certifications\/iso-14064\/<\/a>.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.08<\/span><span>How does IFRS S2 affect 56-1 One Report sustainability sections?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>From fiscal 2026 for SET50 (later for SET100 etc.), the 56-1 One Report sustainability section must include IFRS S2-compliant climate disclosure as a mandatory regulatory requirement, not a voluntary best-practice gesture<\/strong>. <em>The substantive change is in evidence depth<\/em>: where the existing 56-1 sustainability section may include voluntary TCFD-referenced disclosure, IFRS S2 requires quantitative scenario analysis, governance evidence, transition plan with milestones, current and projected financial impacts, internal carbon price (if used), and climate-linked remuneration. <strong>The GRI report (where the corporate publishes one alongside the 56-1) provides the impact-materiality companion to S2&#8217;s financial-materiality disclosure<\/strong>. Othello scopes the 56-1 sustainability section preparation against both GRI 2021 and IFRS S2 simultaneously from fiscal 2026 forward.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.09<\/span><span>How long does IFRS S2 preparation take for a SET50 corporate?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p><strong>For a SET50 corporate with existing voluntary TCFD reporting, typically 6-9 months<\/strong>: 2-4 weeks engagement scoping and gap analysis, 6-10 weeks data infrastructure build (Scope 1+2 GHG inventory, governance disclosure evidence, scenario-analysis methodology), 8-12 weeks substantive disclosure drafting and management review, 4-6 weeks limited-assurance engagement (separately scoped), 2-4 weeks 56-1 One Report integration. <strong>For a SET50 corporate without prior TCFD reporting, typically 9-15 months<\/strong> &mdash; the architecture build is substantially larger. <em>Binding constraints are usually data infrastructure on the Scope 2 side (electricity-emissions tracking by site\/region), governance-disclosure evidence assembly (board minutes, committee charters), and parallel limited-assurance engagement scheduling<\/em>. Engagement letter issuance within 1 business day of scoping.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n        <details class=\"faq\">\n          <summary><span class=\"faq-num\">Q.10<\/span><span>How does IFRS S1\/S2 fit Othello&#8217;s broader engagement framework?<\/span><span class=\"faq-ic\" aria-hidden=\"true\">+<\/span><\/summary>\n          <div class=\"faq-body\">\n            <p>IFRS S1\/S2 is one of Othello&#8217;s <strong>three reporting-framework anchors<\/strong>, alongside GRI 2021 Standards (impact materiality) and FTSE Russell ESG Scores (rating methodology). <em>Together with Panit&#8217;s seven-credential ESG-assurance cluster (AA1000AS, ISO 14064, TGO, Verra, CORSIA, ICVCM, ISCC PLUS), the firm operates the full sustainability-disclosure stack a Thai SET-listed corporate needs for 2026+<\/em>: financial-materiality disclosure (IFRS S2), impact-materiality reporting (GRI 2021), GHG verification (TGO + ISO 14064), independent assurance (AA1000AS), and (for 2027 SET ESG Index transition) FTSE Russell methodology. Kittichai Orapruek anchors the IFRS \/ FTSE work; Panit anchors the climate-and-carbon assurance cluster; the bench scopes engagements collaboratively across both. Founded 2020 on US Government bilingual contracts under FAR-grade contractor verification, the firm&#8217;s procurement-grade audit-trail standard applies to IFRS S2 engagements the same way it applies to ATA-certified translation or AA1000AS-assured ESG reports. <em>One engagement letter, one NDA from first email, one audit-trail Bangkok-side, twenty credentials behind it.<\/em> Email <a href=\"mailto:info@othelloshop.com?subject=IFRS%20S2%20%E2%80%94%20SET50%20Preparation\">info@othelloshop.com<\/a> or call <a href=\"tel:+6628592145\">+66 02-859-2145<\/a>.<\/p>\n          <\/div>\n        <\/details>\n\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- ============ FINAL CTA ============ -->\n  <section class=\"cta-sec\" id=\"engage\">\n    <div class=\"cta-content\">\n      <h2 data-reveal>Mandatory from 2026. <em>Twenty credentials behind the disclosure.<\/em><\/h2>\n      <p data-reveal>IFRS S1\/S2 mandatory adoption, anchored by Kittichai Orapruek, paired with the firm&#8217;s full reporting-framework and ESG-assurance stack &mdash; <strong>one bench covering financial-materiality disclosure, impact-materiality reporting, GHG verification, and limited assurance on Scope 1+2 emissions under one engagement letter<\/strong>. The configuration SET50 corporates entering fiscal 2026 need; SET100 entering 2027; remaining SET-listed by 2028; mai by 2029. Five-year climate-first reliefs from cohort entry; full regime from year six. \u22641 BH acknowledgement \u00b7 scoping call within 1 BD \u00b7 NDA from first email.<\/p>\n      <div class=\"cta-buttons\" data-reveal>\n        <a href=\"mailto:info@othelloshop.com?subject=IFRS%20S2%20%E2%80%94%20SET50%20Preparation\" class=\"btn btn-primary\">Scope SET50 \/ SET100 Engagement<\/a>\n        <a href=\"\/contact\/\" class=\"btn btn-outline\">Contact The Bench<\/a>\n      <\/div>\n      <div class=\"cta-note\" data-reveal>\n        <a href=\"tel:+6628592145\"><b>+66 02-859-2145<\/b><\/a> <span class=\"sep\">&middot;<\/span> <a href=\"mailto:info@othelloshop.com\"><b>info@othelloshop.com<\/b><\/a><br>\n        Unit 12-03, Chartered Square <span class=\"sep\">&middot;<\/span> 152 N Sathon Rd <span class=\"sep\">&middot;<\/span> Si Lom <span class=\"sep\">&middot;<\/span> Bangkok 10500\n      <\/div>\n    <\/div>\n  <\/section>\n\n  <!-- ============ ENDLINE ============ -->\n  <div class=\"endline\">\n    IFRS S1 + S2 <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> ISSB Issued June 2023 &middot; Effective 1 Jan 2024 <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> Thai SEC Mandatory From Fiscal 2026 <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> SET50 \u2192 SET100 \u2192 SET \u2192 mai (2026-2029) <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> Climate-First Relief 5 Years &middot; Scope 1+2 Only Initially <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> Limited Assurance on Scope 1+2 From Year One <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> TCFD Four-Pillar Architecture Absorbed &amp; Tightened <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> SASB Industry Overlay &middot; GRI Interoperable <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> 30+ Jurisdictions Adopting <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> Kittichai Orapruek &middot; FTSE 2026 Transition Anchor <span class=\"r\">&middot;<\/span> Verifiable at ifrs.org &amp; sec.or.th <span class=\"r\">&mdash;<\/span> Othello International\n  <\/div>\n\n<\/div>\n<!-- \/.oth-ifrs PAGE END -->\n<script>\n(function(){\n  if (typeof window === 'undefined' || typeof document === 'undefined') return;\n  var root = document.querySelector('.oth-ifrs');\n  if (!root) return;\n  root.classList.add('js-on');\n  \/\/ safety net: after 4s, reveal anything still hidden\n  setTimeout(function(){ root.querySelectorAll('[data-reveal], [data-reveal-stagger]').forEach(function(el){ el.classList.add('in'); }); }, 4000);\n\n  \/\/ one-FAQ-open-at-a-time\n  var faqs = root.querySelectorAll('details.faq');\n  faqs.forEach(function(f){\n    f.addEventListener('toggle', function(){\n      if (f.open){ faqs.forEach(function(o){ if (o !== f && o.open) o.open = false; }); }\n    });\n  });\n\n  \/\/ smooth in-page anchors\n  root.querySelectorAll('a[href^=\"#\"]').forEach(function(a){\n    a.addEventListener('click', function(e){\n      var id = a.getAttribute('href');\n      if (id.length < 2) return;\n      var t = root.querySelector(id) || document.querySelector(id);\n      if (t){ e.preventDefault(); t.scrollIntoView({behavior:'smooth', block:'start'}); history.pushState(null,'',id); }\n    });\n  });\n\n  \/\/ reveal + counters\n  var revealEls = root.querySelectorAll('[data-reveal], [data-reveal-stagger]');\n  if ('IntersectionObserver' in window &#038;&#038; revealEls.length){\n    var io = new IntersectionObserver(function(entries){\n      entries.forEach(function(e){\n        if (e.isIntersecting){\n          e.target.classList.add('in');\n          var counters = e.target.querySelectorAll('[data-count-to]');\n          counters.forEach(function(c){\n            if (c.dataset.counted) return;\n            c.dataset.counted = '1';\n            var target = parseFloat(c.getAttribute('data-count-to')) || 0;\n            var decimals = parseInt(c.getAttribute('data-count-decimals') || '0', 10);\n            var dur = 1600;\n            var t0 = performance.now();\n            function step(now){\n              var p = Math.min((now - t0) \/ dur, 1);\n              var eased = 1 - Math.pow(1 - p, 3);\n              var val = target * eased;\n              c.textContent = decimals > 0 ? 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Thai SEC transition reliefs apply per cohort for five years: climate-first reporting (S2 plus relevant S1 elements only), Scope 1 plus 2 only with Scope 3 deferred, GHG Protocol 2004 or equivalent permitted, and limited assurance on Scope 1+2 required under recognised international standards from year one. After year five, full S1 sustainability scope, GHG Protocol 2004 only, and Scope 3 disclosure all become mandatory. IFRS S2 absorbed TCFD in July 2023 when the Financial Stability Board dissolved the Task Force; SASB Standards were absorbed into the IFRS Foundation in 2022 and integrated into S1\/S2 as the industry overlay; GRI Standards interoperate with IFRS S1\/S2 through formal collaboration and joint mapping documents covering double materiality; IOSCO endorsed S1 and S2 in July 2023 with 30+ jurisdictions now adopting. Othello's bench anchor for IFRS work is Kittichai Orapruek, the firm's FTSE 2026 Transition Anchor; paired with the firm's GRI 2021 competence (impact materiality), Panit Chancharoonpong's seven-credential ESG-assurance cluster (AA1000AS, ISO 14064, TGO, Verra, CORSIA, ICVCM, ISCC PLUS), and FTSE Russell ESG Scores methodology for SET ESG Index 2026 transition.\", \"hasCredential\": [{\"@type\":\"EducationalOccupationalCredential\",\"credentialCategory\":\"IFRS S1\/S2 Mandatory Thai SEC Disclosure - bench-level competence anchored by Kittichai Orapruek\"}]},\n    {\"@type\": \"BreadcrumbList\", \"itemListElement\": [\n      {\"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 1, \"name\": \"Home\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.othelloshop.com\/\"},\n      {\"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 2, \"name\": \"Certifications\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.othelloshop.com\/certifications\/\"},\n      {\"@type\": \"ListItem\", \"position\": 3, \"name\": \"IFRS S1 + S2\", \"item\": \"https:\/\/www.othelloshop.com\/certifications\/ifrs-s1-s2\/\"}\n    ]},\n    {\"@type\": \"FAQPage\", \"mainEntity\": [\n      {\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"What are IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 and who issued them?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"IFRS S1 and IFRS S2 are the inaugural sustainability disclosure standards issued by the International Sustainability Standards Board (ISSB), a body within the IFRS Foundation established in November 2021 at COP26. 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Limited assurance on Scope 1+2 GHG required from year one, not deferred.\"}},\n      {\"@type\":\"Question\",\"name\":\"How does IFRS S2 relate to TCFD?\",\"acceptedAnswer\":{\"@type\":\"Answer\",\"text\":\"S2 absorbed TCFD in 2023. The Financial Stability Board formally dissolved the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures in July 2023, transferring climate-disclosure responsibilities to the ISSB. TCFD's four-pillar architecture was preserved unchanged in IFRS S2, but with substantively tighter evidence requirements: TCFD's narrative descriptions become S2's quantitative thresholds; TCFD's recommended scenarios become S2's required quantitative scenarios. 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